Two Factor SSH Authentication with Google Authenticator - Time-based One-time Password (TOTP) algorithm specified in RFC 6238

apt-get install libpam0g-dev
mkdir /usr/src/pam-ga
cd /usr/src/pam-ga
wget https://google-authenticator.googlecode.com/files/libpam-google-authenticator-1.0-source.tar.bz2
sha1sum libpam-google-authenticator-1.0-source.tar.bz2
017b7d89989f1624e360abe02d6b27a6298d285d  libpam-google-authenticator-1.0-source.tar.bz2
tar -xjvf libpam-google-authenticator-1.0-source.tar.bz2
cd libpam-google-authenticator-1.0
make
make install
cat README
vi /etc/pam.d/sshd
auth required pam_google_authenticator.so nullok
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
service ssh restart
google-authenticator

http://www.threadstates.com/articles/2012/ssh-two-factor-authentication-with-google-authenticator.html

http://www.howtogeek.com/121650/how-to-secure-ssh-with-google-authenticators-two-factor-authentication/

https://code.google.com/p/google-authenticator/
https://code.google.com/p/google-authenticator/wiki/PamModuleInstructions

Create and test speed of RAM disk on Ubuntu Linux

Make a Simple RAM disk:

Create the directory location you want to mount:
mkdir /media/ram
mount -t tmpfs -o size=1G tmpfs /media/ram/

Test how fast it is to write to it:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/media/ram/zero bs=4k count=10000

Test how fast it is to read from it:
dd if=/media/ram/zero of=/dev/null bs=4k count=10000

Remove your test file:
rm /media/ram/zero

If you want to create it again when you reboot:
vi /etc/fstab
none /media/ram tmpfs defaults,size=1G 0 0

If you were really looking for a way to test a regular hard disk:
gnome-disks

http://askubuntu.com/questions/87035/how-to-check-hard-disk-performance